Sep
03

The Apostle Paul and Caesar

By

Randy England has an interesting article at LewRockwell.com regarding Paul’s attitude toward secular authority. Here is a short excerpt, but I encourage you to continue on to LRC for the full article:

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Christian statists will always drag out St. Paul’s epistle to the Romans to demonstrate that disobedience to government is not an option:

Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore he who resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of him who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. Rom. 13:1-4

They cannot ignore, however, certain exceptions to that "always obey the government" rule, for St. Paul here equates obedience with "doing what is good." Governments have never confined their conduct to what is good. We find the famous standoff recorded in the Acts of the Apostles where St. Peter and the apostles defy the rulers saying "We must obey God rather than men." Acts 5:29. Numerous other approving recitations of civil disobedience occur in both the Old and New Testaments.

So we must disobey some laws, but even government manages to get a few laws right – the ones that seek to prevent or correct harm to others – but those prohibitions would have to be obeyed in any society. In between the protective laws (which must be obeyed) and the laws which command us to do evil (which must be disobeyed) we still have that great morass of laws designed either 1) to steal from us; or 2) punish us unless we behave as the ruler demands.

It is often wise to obey these particular laws out of self-defense, but as to any Christian moral obligation to obey, a closer look at St Paul’s epistle to the Romans suggests another layer to the analysis and raises the question as to what duty – if any – is owed to the authorities:

For the same reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities are ministers of God, attending to this very thing. Pay all of them their dues, taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due. Rom.13:6-7.

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Read more at LewRockwell.com.

Norman Horn

Norman is the founder and editor of LibertarianChristians.com. He holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin and a Master of Arts in Theological Studies from the Austin Graduate School of Theology.

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  • http://www.missiontoisrael.org/ Ted R. Weiland

    “…In Mark 12:17, we find Jesus’ oft-misused statement ‘Render to Caesar
    the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.’
    Many people interpret this to mean Yahweh and Caesar have separate
    jurisdictions, powers, and possessions. Is this true?

    “The term ‘Caesar’ is used today to represent government in
    general. However, at the time Jesus made this statement, Caesar was a
    flesh and blood Roman dictator. What was it that Jesus was saying should
    be rendered to the Roman Emperor? Did the bodies, souls, and spirits of
    man belong to Caesar? Did reverence and obedience belong to Caesar? Did
    the people’s land and other possessions belong to Caesar? What about
    taxes? Romans 13:7 tells us to “render therefore to all their dues:
    tribute [tax, NASB] to whom tribute is due; custom to whom
    custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.” In Verse 6, Paul
    indicated all these things are due to God’s ministers or servants. Did
    Caesar qualify as one of the ministers of God described by Paul in
    Verses 3 and 4? Jason and his Christian brethren certainly did not
    believe Caesar was due unqualified submission:

    ‘…they [“lewd fellows of the baser sort”] drew Jason and
    certain brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, These that have
    turned the world upside down are come hither also… and these all do
    contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king,
    one Jesus.’ (Acts 17:6-7)…

    “Because only Yahweh determines what is good and what is evil
    (Romans 13:4), the government described by Paul in Romans 13:1-7 is
    clearly a Christian government established upon the moral laws of
    Yahweh. Therefore, the taxes Paul described as due to God’s ministers, are Biblical taxes. Are we to believe Jesus was suggesting Christians pay Biblical taxes (tithes) to Caesar?

    “What belongs to Yahweh? And what belongs to Caesar? The answer to
    the first question answers the second question. Yahweh reigns over and
    owns everything:

    ‘The earth is YHWH’s, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.’ (Psalm 24:1)

    “What does this leave for Caesar? Even Caesar didn’t belong to Caesar.

    Jesus’ answer was merely another example of His trapping the
    Pharisees with their own words – in this instance, forcing them to
    choose their god, Yahweh or Caesar.”

  • http://www.missiontoisrael.org/ Ted R. Weiland

    For more, see Chapter 19 “Amendment 10: Counterfeit Powers” of “Bible Law vs. the United States Constitution: The Christian Perspective” at http://www.missiontoisrael.org/biblelaw-constitutionalism-pt19.php. Also don’t miss our Constitution Survey in the right-hand column by which you can receive a free copy of the 85-page “Primer” of the book mentioned above.

  • Ethan

    The early colonist (Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers, etc.) enjoyed a wonderful way of civil life because of the freedom that is available from God’s common law prior to 1789. From there, a new idol – the U.S. Constitution – was erected, and has produced a slow decline in American liberty since. There are only 10 Commandments and roughly 600 or so laws, statutes, ordinances and judgments. The administration of these few pages of tort gave birth to one of the greatest nations the world has ever seen thanks to the liberty contained in God’s Scripture. Jesus said His yoke is light. How many volumes and volumes of man-made law have been written since 1789?

  • http://pulse.yahoo.com/_A4VNWL5SJ5TXC7NYQUGTNZGHSI Jim

    Which governing authorities is he writing about the pastors, bishops and apostles or the state?

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